Optimal Building Thermal Load Scheduling for Simultaneous Participation in Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets

This paper presents an optimal scheduling solution for building thermal loads that simultaneously participate in the wholesale energy and frequency regulation markets. The combines (1) a lower-level capacity reset strategy identifies available each hour, (2) upper-level zone temperature algorithm to find load trajectory with minimum net electricity cost. In supervisory strategy, piece-wise linear approximations of representative air-conditioning equipment behaviors, derived from offline analysis mechanism, are used predict cooling power capacity; mixed-integer convex program is formulated solved determine control actions. order evaluate performance developed solution, two baseline strategies considered, one conventional night setup/back other utilizing optimization procedure minimizing cost only. Five-day simulation tests were carried out various strategies. Compared energy-priority controller led 26% lower credit consequentially caused increase 2%; proposed bi-market was able by 118% reduce 14%.